the ped directive is the abbreviation of the pressure equipment directive, the latest directive number are 2014/68/eu, which was issued on june, 2014. the ped directive requires all equipment with a design pressure exceeding 0.5 bar to comply with the ped. equipment such as fire extinguishers, pressure gauges, valve fittings, safety valves, air cabinets, tower tanks, piping, fittings, steam equipment and other equipment that contains or conveys fluids must comply with the ped directive.
the ped directive covers the whole process of design, manufacture, inspection and raw materials of pressure-bearing equipment and requires the approval of the eu notified body before the ce marking can be affixed.
the eu system of pressure vessel regulations and standards is made up of two layers of eu directives such as 2014/68/eu (referred to as the ped directive) and eu harmonised standards (en).
eu directives are essentially binding laws for eu member states, which are then transposed into national law and implemented by the member states. these directives set out the basic requirements for the safety of pressure vessels. in order to ensure that these basic requirements are effectively implemented, the european organisation for standardisation (cen) is responsible for drafting harmonised standards to accompany the eu directives and to give them concrete details.
in the case of the eu pressure equipment directive (ped) 2014/68/eu, there are more than 700 harmonised standards for which cen is responsible. these en standards cover a wide range of materials, components (accessories), design, manufacture, installation, use and inspection of boilers, pressure vessels and industrial piping. the en 13445 series of standards is the general body of standards for pressure vessels, consisting of general provisions (en 13445.1), materials (en 13445.2), design (en 13445.3), manufacture (en 13445.4), inspection and testing (en 13445.5), design and production requirements for cast iron pressure vessels and pressure vessel components (en 13445.6), conformity assessment (en 13445.7), and the use of pressure vessels. 13445.6), guidance on the use of conformity assessment procedures (en 1344571) and 7 other parts. in addition to en 13445, there is also a general standard en 286 for simple pressure vessels, a series of basic standards en 764 and a number of product-specific standards for pressure vessels such as heat exchangers, liquefied gas vessels, cryogenic vessels, medical vessels, etc.
the ped is applicable to pressure-bearing equipment with a maximum working pressure ps greater than 0.5 bar and covers the following products .
i. pressure vessels
a closed space (e.g. a gas storage tank) that holds a fluid and carries a certain pressure.
ii. pressure piping
a general term for pipe fittings that carry fluids between pressure-bearing systems. pressure piping can be either a single pipe or a pipe system consisting of pipes, fittings, expansion joints, hoses and other pressure-bearing components.
ⅲ safety accessories
devices used to prevent pressure-bearing equipment from exceeding the permissible limits.
1. direct pressure limiting devices: e.g. safety valves, rupture discs, yield rods, controlled safety release systems (csprs).
2. limiting devices: pressure switches, temperature control valves, level gauges.
iv. pressure-bearing accessories
devices (valves) with certain functions and a certain pressure-bearing space.
v. complete sets of equipment
combined equipment consisting of two or more pressure-bearing devices with overall function.
ⅵ. the attached pressure-bearing parts
for example, flange, receiver, joint, etc.
ce marking, which provides a uniform technical specification for products from all countries to trade in the european market, simplifies the trade process. to enter the european union and the european free trade area (efta), products from any country must be ce certified and have the ce mark applied to them. ce marking means that the product has met the safety requirements of the eu directive; it is a commitment from the company to the consumer and increases the consumer's trust in the product; products with ce marking will reduce the risk of selling in the european market.
how to calculate the pressure category of ped?
to calculate the pressure category of ped product, first you need to identify the type of product applied for by the customer, which type of product belongs to pressure vessels, boilers, pressure piping, safety accessories, pressure accessories, second, you need to confirm the parameters of the product, for vessels you need to know the volume of the product and the maximum allowable working pressure, for piping you need to know the diameter of the pipe and the maximum allowable working pressure, and finally you need to identify the medium in which the product operates. the last step is to check one of the nine charts in the ped directive to confirm the pressure category of the product.
what are the ped certification modules and how to choose them?
the ped modules are described as follows.
mode a: internal production control
mode a2: periodic internal random surveillance inspections based on internal controls (formerly a1 mode)
mode b: eu production type approval (formerly mode b)
model b: eu design type approval (formerly model b1)
model c2: conformity assessment - random intra-periodic surveillance checks based on internal controls (formerly model c1)
model d: production quality assurance
model e: product quality assurance
model d1: production quality assurance
model e1: product quality assurance
model f: product validation
model g: single unit validation
model h: full quality assurance
mode h1: conformity - additional design review based on full quality assurance
the choice of the conformity review modules depends on the type of pressure equipment, in addition to the classification of the equipment, mainly considering the type of production of the equipment (single unit production or mass production) and quality management (routine inspection without a quality assurance system or with a quality assurance system), which can be referred to as follows.
category i: a
category ii: a2, d1, e1
category iii: b c2, b d, b e, b f, h
category iv: b d, b f, h1, g
what is the specific list of documents to be prepared for ped certification?
ped certification application form; draft declaration of conformity doc; essential safety requirements; risk assessment; itp; technical drawings; calculation book; bill of materials - qa; pma; weld joint diagram - wps, pqr, wpq; visual and dimension inspection report; ndt report - if required; ndt personnel certificate (if required); heat treatment report (if required); test plate test report (if required); pressure test reports; photographs of the nameplate; operation instructions etc.
what are the validity periods for ped certificates?
(1) certification product or order modules are valid only for the inspected product and order and have no expiry date.
(2) certification by type examination (module b), such as design type approval certificates or product type approval certificates, are valid for 10 years, but should be used in combination with other modes.
(3) certification by quality system are valid for 3 years, with an annual audit and a three-year re-certification audit.
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